..1995.. (1995)44Time Yomiuri education prize winning a prize

  

      Guidance and management of school that answers various educational needs

          Through the significance of existence of the class at nighttime

                                          Kasuga Junior high school nights school class in Nara

                                                      Teacher   Shuuji Kawamura

1. Outline of night junior high school

  To the whole country (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Kyoto, Osaka, Nara, Hyogo, and Hiroshima)34The school that is called a public class between the junior high school nights or two junior high schools of the school exists. *1(The name of night junior high school means the class between these public junior high school nights without especially refusing as follows. )Number of students3027Number of graduates and name, current 10,0001998Name (1994As of September of the age) has been put out. The compulsory education is a constitution of our country. 26It is straightened, and the enrollment rate in the radical of the legislation degree like Fundamentals of Education Law and School Education Law, etc. based on a free spirit of obligation and right to be educated and educational compulsory education of the article. 99.9It is called %. This..brilliant..enrollment rate..contrary..up to now..a variety of..reason..the..ability..equal..secure..compulsory education..completion..person..reality..a lot..provide.The number cannot be specified accurately due to the difficulty etc. of the examination method. 1990In the census of the age, to the whole country21Myriad7.606According to the number of dropouts seen from differences between those who enter a school and the number of graduates, the exemption of enrollment at school, the number of those who delay it, and the number of those who unenter school by the census, among parties concerned of the night junior high school though it is reported the person170It presumes to be in the myriad. *2Student's breakdown : overall. 60Saicawa728In the name a lot as follows70More than Sai567Name50Saicawa479It is the order of the name. Resident from South and North Korea1323The name and Omoni (the mother's meaning) overwhelmingly a lot. It is the one to tell how the Korean people in Japan discrimination is tight though this is a problem of related to the policy of processing after the war of Japan. As follows..night junior high school..after the war..confusion..compulsory education..completion..person..discrimination against outcast people..education..round down..people..China..remain..Japanese..orphan..the..family..mind and body..trouble..temporary exemption from enrollment at school..exemption..measures..do..handicapped person..recently..increase..newcomer..daytime..school..become familiar with..child unwilling to go to school..student..young people.*3

  These students' study needs‡@Qualification master of compulsory education end‡AAcquisition of scholastic attainments for going on to high school‡BTo want to experience the school life‡CFor the acquisition of Japanese‡DSo that Japanese society is requested and place of knowing international understanding is requestedStudents who learn to the night junior high school are the person where it lived in a history and social contradiction of the retreat at that time, and they are people for whom the education is not secured. It is not the one to have worked positively when the country straightened the educational area for these those who uncompleted the compulsory education for the establishment of the class at nighttime. It tries to answer the desire and that of entering school of people who have been casted away from the education of doing as the night junior high school establishment exercise of the civilian and the teacher. There is no experience that a lot of students touched the school at the school age period at all, and it experiences only on the way. There is the one to grip the pencil only after it comes to the night junior high school, too. Most schools organize an original curriculum that conforms to these students' study demands in such the realities, and educational practice is done. The content of the compulsory education is School Education Law at the school usually. 17Article35Article"Purpose"18Article36Based on "Target" of the article20Article38Article and School Education Law enforcement rule25Article54It is obligated to organize the curriculum the notification of Minister of Education by two of the articles based on the course of study. However, this has assumption that it is the one from which the compulsory education is given to children of school age and the student and a fixed idea. Not only the objection of the school education law but also there are unsuitable a lot of points for the content because most of the student of the night junior high school is an adult. Therefore, a flexible way to catch is done for the organization of the curriculum, and an original device in the content of guidance and the guidance method is done at each school. However, the night junior high school school : today. Because it is one class set up in the junior high school of School Education Law Article 1, the curriculum based on the junior high school course of study is executed. The end period of the junior high school is three years. £(1995March of age16It is requested from the school on the site to make people who have not gone to the elementary school as the answer of the day Ministry of Education to the nationwide night junior high school school society) acquire the content of the compulsory education of nine years to the school age child student in three years. Here is sure to be won the body and mentally than the child because the student of the night junior high school is an adult, and the study master is also easier. There is an idea of easiness. Actually, it takes times time how many for study to make the adult who lacks the character at the right time the master of the same study more than the child, and the difficulty of guidance is attended. It is necessary to understand the significance of existence of the night junior high school to the one related to educational administration. An important problem of considering what should be of the compulsory education of Japan is instituted to the existence of the night junior high school. If the night junior high school is actually researched, an incomplete weak point of the point of the educational policy and the educational administration of Japan after the war can be minutely observed. It is regrettable that the person who tries to research this positively is a little though the ideal as an educational founding a state should be able to be achieved both nominally and virtually by making the best use of this for the educational policy in the future.

  The senior citizen is in the night junior high school, this system has only a transitory necessity, and either doesn't spend money in the management maintenance of the night junior high school by the idea that a night junior high school today might be not natural as much as possible. Or, there is an idea that the problem that the middle of the night has in the measure of the lifelong learning can be taken. (the following Education minister Okuno remarks etc.)  Moreover,1993When saying, it is guided when the annual meeting meter inspection personnel's audit concentrates on the night junior high school in the whole country, "There is a problem from economy, efficiency, fairness, and A respect, and it is necessary to be reviewed". However, neither the concrete measure for the review, the substitution idea of the night junior high school system nor the view are actually shown. Needs of the night junior high school keep rising today in that situation.   It gives birth to a lot of those who do not enter school as a new social phenomenon today though the principle of the compulsory education is a complete entering school. Truant child student 60,0001000The person (1993 fiscal year) has been produced. The one to want an educational system of the night junior high school has gone out gradually from among them. It is increasing exactly around Tokyo and Osaka today.

  If it sets foot on the school even by a day because not the course principle but ageism is taken, the compulsory education of Japan will have entered school, and give the diploma to the person who had not actually participated in the educational activity either. However, Fundamentals of Education Law and the School Education Law enforcement rule. 27Article28It is likely to be done easily by the principal's discretion though it is evidence to have to accompany substance when completion is admitted even if it does from the outline of the article in will good intentions it.   The diploma calls the person and this that the substance of passed one and education is not accompanied a form graduate in the person related to the night junior high school. There are this form graduate's a lot of entrance hope and inquiries in the night junior high school, and it accepts actually. However, the Ministry of Education is strongly refusing to become formal those who enter a school about the class as "It cannot enter the junior high school again about the person who has already graduated from the junior high school" at nighttime of this. When they have the study desire again, the compulsory education in a public night junior high school should not correspond from the category of the compulsory education in separation Social Education, and be secured.

  1991Those who enter a school about the night junior high school are absorbed by that and it doesn't decrease though the administration starts being enforced law "Life study promotion method" concerning the maintenance such as systems of promotion of the measure for the promotion of the lifelong learning to the age, and is established "Reading and writing classroom" in communal facilities such as public halls and "Japanese room" based on this law, and dealing with non-literacy person. It increases rapidly, and an increase in "Reading and writing classroom" has improved the study needs in the night junior high school to those these days who enter a school oppositely. In addition, not only the Japanese but also the resident from South and North Korea and those who repatriate it, the refugee, the immigrant person, and other foreigners are beating the gate of the night junior high school. There is actually suitably to their demands nothing except the night junior high school it. It is only because it wants to enjoy the content of the compulsory education of Japan only for acquisition and the reading and writing of Japanese to be humanly effective in not the target but Japan, and the night junior high school precedes the system, and the education to satisfy these demands is done actually. That is, it has the condition that an educational content from the level of literacy to the level of going on to high school can be guided in the class at nighttime. The root sat, put the focus on the training of scholastic attainments to live, and is done the class to life. It is moreover because the embodiment of the purpose of "Aim at the perfection of character" Fundamentals of Education Law with universality as an educational meaning to the adult to leave for the aspect of the anti-discrimination and the aspect of the man liberating as security of the compulsory education with managing that regains scholastic attainments that had to be acquired at the school age period is practiced most.   The current state in which the law and the ordinance, etc. are flexibly captured and have been managed by using an educational measure for an unsuitable school age child student as much as possible in the existing law for the constitution in the middle of the night in a legal interpretation in the night junior high school. The night junior high school that waits for the natural extinction thinks that it had arrived when it is necessary to have established a drastic idea as existence without administrative authorities in the significance of existence of the class and the management at nighttime today when the rise of needs of the educational institution such as the increasing tendencies of new those who enter a school and the middle of the night is shown. The location as a necessary, important educational system is hoped for from the connived existence. It is necessary and the night junior high school as the compulsory education school that answers various educational needs is indispensable at the same time, that it is necessary to always maintain it also in supporting an educational system of our country hereafter assuming that it is necessary. The establishment of the pedagogy of the night junior high school school in this meaning is sped up. *4

  

2. Ayumi of class at nighttime and how to catch

(1)History of night junior high school

  Except the evening school school "Hinhit elementary school" and "Village elementary school" since the educational system in 1872 the night junior high school school1947It is the one that continues after a new educational system of age (1947) starts. *5At first,"Special class set up in junior high school to offer chance of compulsory education from reason for life poverty etc. for school age student that starting work or housework help, etc. were done through necessity in daytime etc. at nighttime"(1985Age1The moon22It exists as the answer of the country on the day to the assembly member of Haruko Yoshikawa the House of Councilors), and the elementary school in 1949. 40Every junior high school34There were a preschooler and a student of every economic reason. It is the stopping one that did not get, and was done in the standpoint of supplementing the school of daytime at nighttime. It starts from the opening of the poor long-term absence student relief class that is called "Class during the evening" in the second junior high school in Ikuno in Osaka of the class of several hours on the week accurately. This was a voluntary action on stopping by teacher's good intentions that did not stop. After three years of but1950Age10It is abolition to the moon. Assuming that it is permanent1949Age9The moon10"Measures of not entering school class" was put on the Kobe City horse Ke woods junior high school on the day. 1951Age7The moon57 moons ..the authorization of "2 ..class.." to Tokyo Adachi the fourth junior high school on the day ..the district and the capital educational commitee..... 16It started by four day students. After half a year, the number of students :. 150Great succeeding year250It ..those who enter a school about the name.. increases. Afterwards, the night junior high school comes into existence in the whole country. 1955To the age12To the capital prefecture87School and number of students5208The name was counted. However, for the reasons such as decreases of the number of working children by the social stability1966Age "Abolition recommendation of the night junior high school at the early stage" is put out. 1968It is the whole country in the age. 21School416Name1970The year whole country20Number of students of school1000It got depressed name. High Nomasao who is the graduate in the ninth junior high school of Tokyo Arakawa ward opposed this recommendation’The education is air. Send air. £Slogan..independent..production..movie..night junior high school..life..have..whole country..turn..night junior high school..abolition..opposite..increase..movement..develop.As a result,1969The class will be established in the Osaka City Tennoji junior high school at nighttime in June of the age. Those who exceeded it the school age came to be damp from this time. major of the night junior high school studentAfterwards, the movement of "Meeting from which the night junior high school is made" becomes active in various places. 1972Five schools were newly established in the age in Osaka and four schools were newly established in Tokyo. 1970The night junior high school increase movement became active at the age. An independent night junior high school was managed, and the citizen movement that demanded making to public from the local authority became active. The change was seen in the view to the night junior high school in the country on the inside where these activities came to be taken up on a large scale also by the mass communication, and it was assumed it was reluctant from an illegal Mi doing and the attitude assumed to have to lose, and became existence that connived at the current state. Administrative authorities : like this. 1968The fact that those who exceed it the school age increase since the age is caught, and the policy of the change to Social Education and the direction have been changed from the policy of abolition. It can know the shake of slight posture to the night junior high school in the country by the answer of the nationwide night junior high school society (Hereafter, it is abbreviated as the inside laboratory of all nights) to the Ministry of Education to the request and the answer such as the Diet about recent passage. *6

  First of all, it previously described. 1950When the Toshitoukyout board of education and the Adachi Ward board of education authorized "Two class", the Ministry of Education opposed it as follows. ‡@The night junior high school school is not admitted by School Education Law. ‡AThe night junior high school is ..violation.. ..street.. to the violation of Labor Standards Law. ‡BIt can be right to disregard the right to neglect the country, the local authority has been imposed by livelihood protection law and School Education Law, and guardian's obligation, and for the school age student's right education to receive the admission of the night junior high school. ‡CIt gnaws at student's health to the night junior high school. ‡DSatisfactory study cannot be done in the night junior high school over each subject of the junior high school. Moreover,1961A primary Ministry of Education Naito inside director of a bureau makes remarks in February of the age, "The night junior high school is age retrogression, School Education Law, and a violation of Labor Standards Law". And,1966Age11The moon29Day Administrative Management Agency puts out "It is ..turning over.. notification of original in the administrative audit result concerning the boy worker" (abolition recommendation of = night junior high school at the early stage) to the Ministry of Education. 1968Age4The moon12The day head of Ministry of Education Amagi Ministry of Education Elementary and Secondary Education Bureau answered the mountain amount assembly member's question in the House of Councilors Budget Committee, "..school age child.. ..those who exceeded it the school age.. adult institute in daytime". 1971The idea is put out with "It is necessary to encourage the finishing by measures the person ..cannot the current completion of the compulsory education by special circumstances.." in the second Central Education Council report volume clause 6 in the age. 1974Age4In the House of Representatives Budget Committee in the moon, Education minister Okuno answered, "Those who exceeded it the school age think by a Social Education viewpoint". 1975Age11The moon21The Ministry of Education Gyoda chief clerk of the day makes remarks, "As for the obligation to set up the school of those who exceed it the school age in cities, towns, and villages, it is not, and adult education is the most preferable" in the laboratory in all nights. 1977Age3The moon31The day assistant manager of the Ministry of Education Ministry of Education Elementary and Secondary Education Bureau junior high school section and Akira Shiraishi‡@The class has never meant "Do not admit as goodness or badness" when a compulsory education double sessions in daytime, necessary in the local populace's demand, and established at nighttime. ‡ASchool Education Law enforcement order25It is not possible not to accept when the prefectural education board confronts installation person's (cities, towns, and villages) reports according to the article, and the prefectural education board should accept, and report to the Ministry of Education promptly. ‡BThere is no authority to impose conditions on the report of cities, towns, and villages in the prefectural education board. It describes. 1977Age4The Tskiama Minister of Education : in the Diet. It is not possible to make those who uncomplete the compulsory education compulsorily come to the night junior high school school. It does in Social Education. £With the answer. Dou1977Age4The moon and the head of Ministry of Education various Sawahatstuukyoc made remarks, "Those who uncompleted the compulsory education had not to limit in the middle of the night and to consider it by Social Education and others" at the House of Councilors Committee on the Cabinet. 1981Age10The moon7The Doi chief clerk of Ministry of Education junior high school Training Section of the day : in the spoken answer. The Ministry of Education also is recognizing the meaning that the class is established at nighttime as the junior high school education enough. Educational demands of the people who actually enter a school and are learning are agreed enough, and thought by me that the place that these people learn is important because there are various situations. However, the people who do not complete the compulsory education by some reasons are regarded to be necessary to deal with new establishment from a fiscal reason of needs of the person who learns or the local government etc. carefully adding the examination whether the middle of the night is the only method. £It makes remarks. 1985In Prime Minister Nakasone's answer book in January of the ageAt first, the class (so-called night junior high school) between the junior high school nights thinks the inauguration the special class because of its offer of the chance of the compulsory education at nighttime from a poor reason for life etc. for the school age student that starting work or housework help, etc. were done through necessity in daytime etc. it gained in the junior high school, and to have to evaluate the role that has been played. Offering the chance of some studies to these people cannot disregard the meaning that the class between the junior high school nights possesses now as an educational area to these people of considering (omission) a necessary thing because there is a person who doesn't actually complete the compulsory education and has the will of study though the person who exceeds the school age like the compulsory education uncompletion is on the register a lot in the class between the junior high school nights now. £It describes. (37It is a laboratory record magazine in the time all nights. p113) Again1989March of age2The night junior high school is ..Ministry of Education.. ..".. the Showa era against the laboratory request in all nights of the day it. 24It is possible to do to teach two for the long-term absence children of fiscal year, and now15It is a judgment of the each one rule body to the end, and it is thought that it accepts about those who exceed it the school age in daytime if it is possible though it targets in the acceptance and it thinks more than Sai. The Ministry of Education is pointing out that it is not correct to expend the treasury for the person (person who exceeds full 15 years old) where Administrative Management Agency doesn't have the obligation of entering school the evening institute with the illegal one though doesn't think. It is the maximum that cordially treating and , in the night junior high school is difficult and has treated the compulsory education. Describe.(35It is a laboratory record magazine in all nights. p94)1992In the place of the audit of the audit academy of June of the ageThere is a problem from economy, efficiency, fairness, and A respect, and it is necessary to review the night junior high school school. It is made to graduate as an attendance treatment also in a private, educational facilities and the consultation place. You should learn overToshisha like an adult education basic course. The foreigner should have only Japanese studied in not the night junior high school but another educational institution. £It describes. 1994Age3The moon16It is the one that the Ministry of Education answer of the day present provinces starts by former and kooky straw "It is thought that it is a class at nighttime attached to the junior high school that exists in School Education Law Article 1", too. (Refer to material. )

  To the view to the above-mentioned night junior high school1970The movement from the increase movement of an independent night junior high school to making to public became active at the age. The purpose of the reason why the person related to the night junior high school school wanted the position at the school of School Education Law Article 1 is the educational condition acquisition of the facilities equipment etc. while putting it out of dealing in Social Education the stability of management as contents of the educational administration measure of the compulsory education in ..country.. those who exceeded it the school age. Doing was a true place though an original educational content and the method to secure scholastic attainments from the literacy that neither the target, the subject nor the period of the education that was the element that advanced the compulsory education were similarly accepted but the night junior high school school had actually based to the elementary and primary education wanted to obtain a steady condition in a human condition such as facilities, equipment, and leaders. Worry that the management under might advance, and free atmosphere be deprived was strong if becoming making to public as an anxiety when making it from an independent night junior high school to public about the place. In Nara City when you see the class between the Haruhi junior high school nights of Nara as the example1976The meeting that originated the edge from a fiscal problem to "The those who lived outside was shut out" by the student in Nara that went to the night junior high school in this Tokioosaca City of year and established the night junior high school in Nara in March of the same year was made to be started, and "Noodle school" was opened during an independent night in a positive strong high school. An independent night junior high school (noodle school) ..".. raises of the anxiety when this being made from "Noodle school" that is the antecedent of the night junior high school school of the Nara City day of the first day of spring to public to Nara. 10The age left. The note and all pencils were bringing together. It called widely for the donation at every opportunity. The person who was doing the work of variety was a teacher. And, the taught one and the taught one had been managed as a harmonious Itsu body. It is not only the one of becoming a side taught because it has scholastic attainments or it graduates from university either. Moreover, I think that only come to being able to calculate the character, the composition, and the number was not an aim of the noodle school. It was concretely talked to live, and to have received bringing up a child, shopping, work, the office, and discrimination, and there was "Companion" that reached out a helping hand there. It worried together, and there was thought warmth. It thinks during an independent night such a school. The noodle school has been importantly raised in above all while all eating the noodle made by money of the classroom and the donation borrows free of charge. However, the teacher who got the letter of appointment from the board of education was arranged as for the night junior high school that made it to public. The teacher who had such a constitution was arranged and "Teach" cannot be denied by will philanthropy it where even the teacher who doesn't understand why the class is necessary in that at nighttime exists. c(" The Za night junior high school character can be returned. 170Every shout open window company1986Agep9White..state..sentence.

  It is not a present compulsory education system that the night junior high school hopes truly. It is a creation of an educational system that doesn't reproduce an educational system of the school age period in the adult but is new. To the end..original..legislative proceedings..request..reality..difficult..current legal system..flexible..interpretation of logic..flexible..legal interpretation..administration..side..cooperation..necessary.

  The correspondence that the local authority shows is various, a vague attitude of the Ministry of Education is reflected in that situation, and the response of the municipality is asunder on a nationwide scale. The place of the discussion with the administration is regularly installed at first of foundation of a school by eight night junior high schools (Komatsugawa 2 internally in Adachi 4 in Hachioji 5 in the seed leaf in Hikifune in Kojiya in the nova in Arakawa 9) in Tokyo. 1994Age6The moon24The discussion of the laboratory in the capital night and the capital educational commitee of the personnel change of the Japanese room of the class and the settled foreigner of Japanese guidance is lean at a location of the enhancement of the arrangement of the nurse-teacher and the school lunch, the aid for entering schools, the admission standards, the long-term absence measures, and night junior high schools and basic courses on the day. Moreover, constant understanding is shown about the arrangement of the teacher and the arrangement of the lecturer, etc. though the allowance problem to classing the full-time teacher is not solved in Chiba Prefecture Ichikawa City at nighttime. However, in Matsudo City1992Age9The moon10In the city council on the day and the discussion of the educational civil administration standing committee, those who uncomplete it the compulsory education in Matsudo City are ..city board of education.. ..".. here. 10The night junior high school need not be established because he or she is one person in the age, and there is no person of the night junior high school for entrance. Make remarks.To the Matsudo city according to the census1980In fiscal year investigation515Name1990In year investigation171It ..great.. understands. Moreover,1991The long-term absence student at the Matsudo city junior high school of fiscal year314There were "It was necessary none night junior high school because it had passed the diploma to the student of all long-term absence in Matsudo" (Honda school affairs section chief) and a remark though it was a name.

  In Osaka1993September of age14The following seven items were directed to seven city board of education under the prefecture that set up the class during day and night. ‡@The junior high school education is executed. ‡AThe entrance only for Japanese acquisition and literacy is not admitted. ‡BThe city educational commitee admits. ‡CThe end of April is assumed to be a limit at the entrance time. ‡DDo not be about double on the register. ‡EHowever, the study period will be assumed to be six years or less for the time being for three years. ‡FThe person who was absent continuously longer than half a year assumes removing from the register for the attendance days ten days or less of one year. Afterwards, after the discussion such as civic groups that support the night junior high school with the person who opposes this related to the night junior high school school1994The Osaka founder of a religion and the joint struggle of the village liberating were centered in February of the age, and it understood as a rule by both the instruction matter and oral confirmations and the negotiation came to an agreement about four items. The content : in shape to arrange seven items. ‡@The curriculum of the junior high school is organized, and the junior high school education is executed. ‡AJapanese acquisition and literacy admit and the person of the prevailing purpose doesn't admit entering a school. ‡BThe installation city board of education does and the admission ..proper on the register management.. is tried. ‡CThe end of April is assumed to be a limit about the entrance time. It is the one.

  On the other hand, it catches in Nara Prefecture Tenri City as follows. As for the class between the law of nature municipal north junior high school nights, it is ..(.. the Showa era. 63July of age15Day..board of education..junior high school..school age..exceeding..person..junior high school..graduate..person..among..especially..desire for learning..vigorous..do..junior high school..graduation..hope..person..nighttime..junior high school..education..give..aim..nighttime..class..set up.It tries to secure the right to receive the educations of the people not given to the educational opportunity at the school age period. The class is an organization that stops away from school for a long term by various factors such as confusion and the sicknesses in discrimination, poverty, and postwar days, and answers the wish that wants to receive the educations of the people who were not able to graduate from the junior high school at nighttime. Moreover, the organization by which the people of North Korean residents in Japan on whom labor in the people who have repatriated it from the foreign country after the war and Japan was forced are not received the compulsory education in Japan, and answer the shout of the people who have been treated coldly. The age of the student who is on the register in the class at nighttime now18From Sai60Even Saicawa is wide. However, the desire and the wish "I want to complete only the junior high school education" are the most in the entrance purpose and the reason, and those from the foreign country who return home are "Preparation to start life in Japan. "It has an influence big as for life afterwards by the compulsory education completion. There is a reality that cannot go to school easily with the greediness for learning though it enters a school, and, as a result, it seems that there are a lot of people who are inviting a mental pain again, too. This class is abundant the student left in the environment that doesn't attend easily including all Ca people. An administrative measure that solves a lot of problems and problems like measures of entering school against such a long-term absence student etc. is advanced. Record 1. Existence and the meaning of the class between the enlightenment   nights of the night junior high school are enlightened through all chances and places, and it tries to dig up the people who become objects of the class at nighttime when it lives in the city. 2. It tries to maintain a human condition of aiming at the system that enhancement and each subject guidance of facilities and equipment can be done to organize the class that can correspond to class age, life, and an   individual acquisition level for the condition maintenance of the class different and a variety of current state at nighttime. " Having shown the understanding only of this to the night junior high school at the city educational commitee level merits praise. The history of the above-mentioned night junior high school is epoch-making in an educational history of Japan. It is because it is made to confirm to the law in the shape pushed up there there is not "First of all, there is a law and come" but a majestic reality. School..go..education..receive..stop..stop..circumstances..have..child..adult..provide..become silent..man..provide.It is a system won as such the citizens movement. *7  

  Thus, the difference of posture at the local government level is large, and confusion is given to the approach of the class between each night. Especially, four items of Osaka are put out, and the dilemma of the night junior high school that came without touching as discretion of various place public group at an advanced approach and the asset-inflated economy in the night junior high school in the whole country. That is, the textbook is not used from student's realities with cannot help extending the study period three years by invoking the measures of the original class custody etc. , and an original curriculum and an independent teaching material. It was a great shock in the person related to the night junior high school that the administration had depressed it directly to the point that the realities that were not able to be used unpleasantly have not adjusted completely legally etc.It is settled now as the school society the whole country and for, and each originality works on the solution of this common challenge that the night junior high school holds admitting though the approach method in various places is various.

  

3. Significance of existence in the middle of the night

1. Location and reality in the middle of the night

  Night junior high school..compulsory education..leave..one..secure.security)Amends to person who arrives at overage as contradiction of function and society(compensation)With compensation(reparation)It is thought that it drinks and there is significant. ..doing.. Mi adheres at the school age period contents of the compulsory education of Japan, and there are a lot of consisting one in the one like the matter etc. that can be tasted for study to have the character at the right time only at the school age period. A lot of people who learn to the night junior high school are people from whom it was deprived of this time, and the content of the course of study made a school age student object doesn't apply to the night junior high school as it is. In the nationwide night junior high school school research rally, the request for the Ministry of Education every year though the answer of the sending Ministry of Education is obtained, the Ministry of Education : to the question in that with "Recognize substance to which a lot of those who do not enter school and those who uncomplete the elementary school are on the register to the student at the night junior high school school, authorize a basic class, and secure the study years etc. that correspond to student's substance". Because it is one class set up in the junior high school of School Education Law Article 1, the curriculum based on the junior high school course of study is executed. The end period of the junior high school is three years. £It keeps saying. This is received, the problem of Osaka previously described of eight item four item is brought in to the site of the night junior high school, and confusion has been caused. This is a big problem for the existence of the night junior high school.

  There is a problem whether literacy can become contents of the compulsory education or it is necessary to separate one from the class at nighttime. In the current state of a present night junior high school, those from the literacy level who enter a school are occupying a lot. Moreover, it is a study condition for which a present night junior high school student hopes. ‡@The class of full-time that it is once a week and is not two times must be attended. ‡ABe free by the public expense. ‡BThe system that scholastic attainments to be able to achieve the purpose and the target of the compulsory education completely can be acquired must be straightened. ‡CConsider handicap like the age etc. of the study beginning. . "Achieve the purpose and the target of the junior high school in three years" that the Ministry of Education means doesn't consider the reality. It is the same as saying to those who uncomplete the compulsory education as good in imperfect educational service.

  Nighttime..class..special..lifelong learning..compulsory education..completion..person..intended for..new..system..create..problem.A basic, educational system that is the master of the elementary school course is necessary before it is made to enter a school in the middle of the night if the standpoint of "Two is educated in the middle of the night" that the Ministry of Education means is taken. It is necessary to establish the literacy classroom that teaches so-called "Reading and writing" publicly. Moreover, it is necessary to set the place of finishing of the grade school teaching of six years to which the junior high school course is required. Moreover, they are three patterns of the learner of the night junior high school. ‡@Person who doesn't receive compulsory education at all. ‡ACountry of settling down Japan-South Korea lives Korean people, those who China return home children, and family who is related to war reparations. ‡BThe classroom where the one etc. to need the compulsory education in the new visit to Japan person were considered will have to be managed.

(1)The middle of the night as place of literacy  

  It still has literacy as contents of an important educational activity of the night junior high school. There is a character in study at the right time. First of all, recognition with a necessary difficulty extremely and serious effort is necessary for starting studying for the first time after people who missed the period at that time or were deprived do not have the character at all and it becomes aged. In a lot of schools, the acquisition of the character is not mechanically memorized but it goes to daily life in the root shape to sit. The diary and the composition guidance are valued as the method. These learning outcomes have been brought together in shape of collection of works of the school. When these are seen, the desire in the mind of me who had been suppressed up to now is frankly expressed by acquiring the character as the tool. It vividly spells it exactly like the fish put back in the water. It has lived up to now in the world without the character, and the rich power of expression cultivated in life practicing it stays with terrible of individual alive externals. Night junior high school..meet..please..life..hardship..live..meaning..think..person..warmth..free..write..the..content..anti-war..peaceful..hope..voice..discrimination..aspect.Irrational contradiction of the society comes into view by acquiring the character. The above-mentioned and saying that literacy will only obtain the tool do not the purpose but the self-reform, and it is an aimed starting point, and the night junior high school bears the motive of the man education in the starting point putting bearing the purpose of the education of Fundamentals of Education Law that aim at the perfection of character the female one it. (- School..collection of works..see..chance..obtain..desirous.

  Study is started from the literacy level, it enters the high school, and there is entered person to the university in no small way, too. It is alive a witness of the existence of the person from whom it has been deprived of the compulsory education in Japan, and the equality of opportunity of Fundamentals of Education Law Article 3 education ..".. shows no accomplishment completely by them though they are competent. It is natural, and even when a lot of those who unenter school do not give birth like the aftermath, it does and it seems as it is likely to fall from , legal measures, to spill, and this showing not becoming it by the nil that the educational administration of the country and the local authority keeps making an effort about the people's compulsory education complete entering school in the society of the future cannot say it is complete. In that sense, the night junior high school wishes more than now to want you to enhance it as an organization that supplements a complete entering school of the compulsory education of Japan.

  By the way, at present, the organization that does the literacy classroom, especially "Reading writing" has a literacy classroom and private reading and writing classroom in the public night junior high school school, the independent night junior high school school, and the village to be discriminated. It is only a night junior high school that is managed full-time by a human, material, public security in this. It is only a night junior high school that the proof of the junior high school graduation for the qualification acquisition for going on to school is issued.

  It is thought that it is realistic, and is efficient, and more efficient to assume the night junior high school to be the one that contains it from the literacy level though the literacy level types out another organization in the Ministry of Education. Because even if the organization at the literacy level is created, it is necessary to secure the organization at the elementary school course, the junior high school course, and facilities that come in succession as follows.

(2)Security of compulsory education to settled foreigner

  In a present student composition of the night junior high school, settled foreigner. *8It is necessary to contain literacy in that. They have a lot of people only for whom not only the acquisition of Japanese but also a so-called compulsory education has not been secured. Japan..country..resident..perfection of character..aim..peaceful..nation..promote..obligation..our country..think.There is a base of life in a Japanese society, and the social life relation is substantially with the Japanese the difference, and says the settled foreigner who says here the person who doesn't have the nationality. Concretely, it is all the people who are in Japan the life base such as the people who have the will to come to Japan by the person and the marriage visit to Japan, etc. to be born and grow up in Japan in South Korea, Korean people that the visit to Japan was done through necessity directly regardless of indirectly in the war to which previous our country was related, China, Taiwanese, and their descendant and to be going to settle down during the future, and are accomplishing the tax obligation. (It is made to the person of the short on the nationality method. )  It is necessary to unite ideas of literacy to the settled foreigner. It is necessary to acquire a basic knowledge skill for the target not to be able to reach by establishing the Japanese room in Social Education, and teaching Japanese but to live in Japan. ‚’‚ν‚δ‚ι1975Contents concerning international literacy since the age Persepolis declaration. That is,‡@Reading and writing and calculation ability of character‡AAbility that communications can be done‡BAbility that skill can be demonstrated in society‡CAbility of functional literacy‡DIt is a promotion of the cultural creation society and revolution abilities. It is necessary to recognize the difference from the one of the sense of Japanese acquisition for traveling abroad. The purpose of literacy is the one to cannot the reading and writing of own life language but life to mean alienation from the inconvenient sheath society and liberating from suppression. A target target of the compulsory education of our country competes as a content that they should acquire as a base of life in Japan when educationally thinking about these.

  As for the constitution of Japan, when he or she is equal, all the people are singing the equality of the right of the person who has a Japanese nationality under the law. In addition, the International Covenants on Human Rights that Japan also ratified states inside and outside equal person's principle. There is an obligation to secure the settled foreigner's labor, social security, and education equally in the country from this idea. There will be an obligation to do the compulsory education of nine years in the country of Japan also in foreigners who live in Japan. If it is neither an education it is nor a study organization of the school type, to do educational security of full-time and the supplementation of nine years in present regulations, it is not possible to secure it. It is only a night junior high school that provides the adult who exceeds the school age period with the condition of filling this in no small way today though the compulsory education measure of children of the school age period has been straightened at last recently. Those who uncomplete it the compulsory education in them think that there is a right to enjoy all compulsory educations of our country. Even as for the spirit of an inside and outside equal person of International Covenants on Human Rights and the spirit of Refugees Convention, this becomes more important. The revolution is urged, and the settled foreigner is Local Autonomy Law. closing nationality sense of current Japan10The world opinion that it is the citizens who say to the article, it is a resident, and it is necessary to give voting rights in local elections is becoming strong. The international sensibility is requested as for educational administration.

(3)Class management

  In the study of literacy, individual study of man-to-man is the most preferable. It is because individuality and the ability of an individual student are very different. Moreover, this is not the one of the extent of saying as the ability difference of the student of school age student's class. To take a near studying pattern unlimitedly and individually dividing one class into a small group, the guidance method is devised at the school. However, it is the same to be based on the teacher constant method (class organization of public compulsory education various schools and laws concerning the standard of the school personnel constant) of the night junior high school that needs the leader more. Not only the teacher but also a general person puts in to the guidance organization as a volunteer, and the guidance organization has been assembled in that situation as handicapped person's nurser and educational staff in the school education during the Unebi night during the law of nature north night of Nara. The amateur cannot teach it by unlicensed at public compulsory education various schools usually. It is a very possible, practical method if it sees from the literacy activity of the night junior high school of the reality though this is illegal if "An educational staff should be a person who has the license of the nuclear corresponding given by this law" (Education Personnel Certification Article 3) is interpreted in formalism. Most has been being supported during a private literacy class and an independent night by this volunteer. Being done distinguishing the content and the curriculum of the meeting literacy of guidance of an educational staff and an elaborate staff of course in these schools is needless to say.

  It is not the medium grade most to maintain the organization to the night junior high school for civilian volunteer's relations. When the method is suitable under a human, educational condition of a night junior high school school insufficient now, it is appreciable to manage it in sha
SEO [PR] ”š‘¬!–³—ΏƒuƒƒO –³—Ώƒz[ƒ€ƒy[ƒWŠJέ –³—Ώƒ‰ƒCƒu•ϊ‘—